Business Programme

Russia’s energy strategy for the period until 2050 sets the primary goal of taking the domestic energy sector to a fundamentally new level. This goal encompasses all energy sectors, including carbon, coal, electric power (including thermal power plants), hydropower, nuclear power, and renewable energy. Furthermore, the strategy has such specific goals as achieving technological sovereignty in the fuel and energy sector, ensuring technological leadership, and developing human resources for the industry. There has been a profound technological transformation in the current advancements of energy technologies in Russia, which is implementing projects ranging from the development of space energy systems to energy-efficient solutions for microelectronics and distributed networks. According to figures from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, electricity generation in Russia increased by 2.4% in 2024 compared with 2023 levels to 1.2 trillion kWh. While thermal generation remains the main source of power in Russia, low-carbon generation (nuclear, hydroelectric, and renewable energy sources) consistently makes up more than 40% of this balance, with nuclear accounting for approximately 20%, hydroelectricity for 16–18%, and new renewable energy sources for 2–3%. Following the completion of the RES-1 Capacity Supply Agreement (CSA) programme, the renewable energy sector transitioned to the RES-2 CSA programme, with an emphasis on equipment localization. Russia has built more than 7 GW of wind and solar generating capacity and has set the goal of increasing the installed capacity of renewable energy sources to 12–15 GW by the end of this decade, while reducing the specific cost per kWh as a result of localized turbines, inverters, and panels. In terms of distributed energy, the fleet of storage systems is expanding. Global battery storage capacity is expected to increase tenfold by 2035 and reach 617 GWh. In March 2024, the Russian government approved a strategic plan for the digital transformation of the fuel and energy industry for the period until 2030. The goal is to achieve a high level of digital maturity among key industry companies and accelerate the energy sector’s transition to new level of management and technology. The plan is to digitalize the energy system by transitioning to smart substations and automated smart metering systems, which involves consumers playing a more active role and a new architecture of control using predictive analytics and cybersecurity. Together, these goals will shape the agenda for the next 5–10 years, as the country seeks to increase the share of low-carbon generation, scale up energy storage systems, and develop process chains that do not depend on imports. Energy losses are critical today for economic sustainability and achieving Russia’s energy efficiency goals. According to the Russian Ministry of Energy and industry statistics, process losses during electricity transmission and distribution in Russia are steadily declining, but remain high at approximately 9–10% of total grid output. However, there is still significant potential for savings: the Russian Ministry of Economic Development estimates that energy consumption could technically be reduced by 20–25% of the baseline level by 2030, with the payback period for most measures ranging from five to seven years. Key focuses of these plans include network digitalization (loss analytics, identifying unmetered consumption, etc.) and the modernization of distribution networks and step-down substations, in addition to other initiatives. The pilot projects that have been implemented for advanced metering systems are already showing a major reduction in commercial losses. Energy storage systems are among the key drivers of the energy transition. Without them, it would be impossible to achieve grid flexibility, ensure the scalable integration of renewable energy sources, or develop new electrical loads. The Russian market is currently in an accelerated stage of development: specialized institutes and industry associations estimate that approximately 300–400 MW of energy storage systems for various purposes have been commissioned and project their total potential at 5–7 GW by 2030. As distributed generation increases and the electrification of transport expands, demand is expected to grow exponentially: Russia had more than 40,000 electric vehicles in 2024. In industry, energy storage systems are becoming a key component of energy efficiency programmes. This session will focus on new technologies for the generation, storage, and conversion of energy, the digital transformation of the industry, as well as prospects for transitioning from pilot solutions to commercially available industrial products and ways to reduce energy losses.

What are the purposes and goals of the national project, and why is it so important for the country? How and when should they be achieved? How are the national project’s goals linked to achieving the country’s scientific and technological sovereignty and global leadership? Who will play key roles? Considering the ten-year planning horizon, what is the best way to recruit and train young people to join the space industry and space science and achieve the goals set forth in the national project.

High speed is the future of transportation: from high-speed trains to hyperloops and supersonic aircraft. However, complex interdisciplinary problems need to be solved to make these technologies a reality. What are some of the scientific and technological barriers in materials science, aerodynamics, energy efficiency, and safety today? What role could physics, AI, medicine, and Earth sciences play? Which knowledge integration strategies are most effective in creating sustainable and safe systems? What are the main challenges that are preventing the widespread adoption of sustainable and safe systems, and what innovative solutions developed by young scientists could help overcome them? How can interdisciplinary collaboration accelerate the development and introduction of sustainable and safe systems, and what are some of the most promising ways to promote such collaboration?

Russia has set the strategic priority of creating an independent and comprehensive scientific basis for its national climate policy. The country’s unique geography, which includes all kinds of natural and climatic zones, requires a balanced approach that takes into account the heterogeneity of the ramifications of climate change for different regions and sectors of the economy. In 2022, Russia launched a key innovative project of national significance: the Unified National System for Monitoring Climate-Active Substances, an unprecedented climate research initiative. This project, which is being implemented by consortia of leading research institutes and universities, creates a reliable basis for obtaining objective and internationally recognized data on the current state of the climate system and developing scientifically sound socioeconomic development forecasts amidst a changing climate. Significant results have already been achieved following the completion of the first stage of the project in 2024: 22 emission calculation coefficients accounting for 28% of total emissions have been updated in the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory. The accuracy of the carbon cycle description has increased by 20–70%. Russia has created and is already expanding a network for monitoring carbon absorption, which by 2030 will include 1,317 test sites. The first stage of the national monitoring system marked a fundamental step in creating a radically new and dynamic scientific, technological, and educational environment related to climate change issues. The strategic importance of studying the climate and its implications for Russia confirms the need to further develop the project and move on to the second stage. This will make it possible to create a full-fledged scientific and technological ecosystem that can provide the country with reliable tools for managing climate risks and establishing long-term competitive advantages in the context of global climate change. How does the creation of a national monitoring system protect Russia’s economic interests within such mechanisms as CORSIA and CBAM? How does updated data on the absorption capacity of Russian ecosystems (e.g., a reassessment showing a 34% reduction in net emissions) alter the economic benchmarks for achieving carbon neutrality? To what extent is the existing scientific base ready for international recognition, particularly for recording such complex processes as permafrost degradation? Which Russian technologies and monitoring methods (satellite systems, ground stations, climate models) have already proven their effectiveness? Where are the blind spots in the observation system and how can we eliminate them? Which innovative technologies (artificial intelligence, small satellites, new sensors) are most promising for the development of the monitoring system? What systemic and management-related challenges were identified in the first stage? How can transition from large-scale research to the creation of a sustainable, dynamic, and competitive national ecosystem of climate research? How and in what format can monitoring data be used in the real sector of the economy and in the work of government agencies when taking management decisions? What is the best way to build effective adaptation systems for regions with multiple risks based on climate models and monitoring data?

Technological leadership in pharmaceuticals is a strategic task of national importance for Russia that is directly linked to ensuring the country’s sovereignty in healthcare and expansion into international markets. Today, the pharmaceutical industry is no longer solely a technological sector for drug production. It has transformed into a complex, integrated scientific and technological ecosystem that functions at the crossroads of such disciplines as molecular and cellular biology, synthetic chemistry, medical informatics, artificial intelligence, materials science, nanotechnology, bioengineering, and quantum computing. Modern pharmaceuticals represent a kind of data-driven bioscience that is optimized using algorithmic models and implemented through innovative biomaterials and biotechnological platforms. The development of personalized therapies, gene and cell products, and smart targeted delivery systems requires a synthesis of competencies that extend beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries. In these conditions, Russia would be unable to achieve technological leadership in the pharmaceuticals sector without the active involvement of young researchers whose scientific approaches are shaped in interdisciplinary fields. Such specialists are the ones who have the necessary skills to integrate biological data, computational methods, and engineering solutions into a single drug development cycle. The country’s national priorities enshrined in the federal project ‘New Technologies for Health Preservation’ set the goal of ensuring Russia’s technological independence in the production of modern pharmaceuticals by 2030 – from RNA therapies and gene editing to nano-formulated delivery systems. However, these goals cannot be achieved within the framework of isolated research entities. Traditional models of scientific activity based on specialization in a specific discipline are not capable of effectively solving the multi-level tasks that are typical of modern pharmaceutics: from predicting molecular targets to validating production processes in accordance with GMP standards. In which specific areas of the ‘pharmaceutics of the future’ (mRNA vaccines, gene therapy, cell products, targeted delivery) should Russia concentrate its resources to achieve the maximum effect in ensuring its national security and export potential? What are some possible mechanisms for transitioning from a focus on technological independence (import substitution) to the creation of competitive products for foreign markets? Which funding model is most effective for breakthrough developments: public-private partnerships, venture funds, or large corporate R&D centres? How can we overcome the barriers between fundamental science (biology, chemistry), applied research, and industrial production? Which institutional formats (e.g., scientific and educational centres, engineering consortia) could be most productive for cooperation among organizations from different fields of science and technology, as well as different forms of ownership? How can we motivate researchers to create commercially viable intellectual property? What educational programmes are needed to train personnel on the interdisciplinary skills needed for large-scale projects to develop innovative pharmaceuticals?

The growing use of bioprinting in preclinical drug trials is becoming a global trend. In regenerative medicine, this technology also helps to create personalized tissue-engineered constructs to restore the lost functions of organs, which has fundamentally altered approaches to treating injuries, degenerative diseases, and the effects of aging. Some countries, such as the United States, have already legislated the use of bioprinting, organs-on-a-chip, and computer modelling in preclinical drug trials, which not only accelerates the development of drugs, but also elevates research ethics to a new level. Clinical trials of printed tissue-engineered constructs in humans are also underway. Russia has not yet decided whether to expand regulatory practices to include bioprinting. Current legislation still requires mandatory preclinical animal testing. However, the scientific community is actively working to develop domestic solutions. Leading universities and research centres have come together to develop domestic bioprinting technologies, which are intended to significantly complement existing diagnostic and treatment methods. Advances in bioprinting will help solve the fundamental problem of donor organ shortages and come up with strategies to find treatments and test next-generation drugs. What scientific and regulatory steps are needed to validate bioprinting technologies and incorporate them into clinical practice? What legislative changes are needed? Is the medical and pharmaceutical community ready to implement such solutions? What do science, regulators, and businesses need to work out a common position on the first steps towards introducing bioprinting into clinical practice and preclinical research?

Cell and gene therapy is rapidly evolving – from experimental approaches to clinically significant solutions that are revolutionizing the treatment of hereditary, oncological, and autoimmune diseases. The success of these approaches has fuelled the active development of a fundamentally new field – regenerative biomedicine, which aims to restore cells, tissues, and organs that have been damaged or lost as a result of disease. This new generation of technologies is becoming increasingly integrative, combining advances in synthetic biology, bioengineering, and artificial intelligence. This interdisciplinary synthesis is paving the way for the creation of effective and safe therapeutic platforms. Introducing advanced therapies into clinical practice not only requires constant attention to safety and accessibility, but also the creation of a new model for the clinical adaption of effective solutions based on flexibility, collaboration, and technological compatibility. What is the optimal way to build a path from laboratory discoveries to the introduction of effective therapy into medical practice? What solutions can accelerate clinical use while maintaining a balance between speed and safety? What are some of the key technological transitions that are shaping the evolution of cell and gene technologies? What challenges do researchers, clinical physicians, and regulators face on the path to the medicine of the future?

More than half of all illnesses are caused by malnutrition, especially in early childhood. Establishing domestic food production is a fundamentally important goal in terms of import substitution, since it helps to ensure the country’s food security, develop the baby and therapeutic nutrition industry, and set up high-tech, full-cycle production facilities in Russia. In some regions, schoolchildren who suffer from various illnesses that require specialized nutrition are unable to receive it. It is crucial to consider the issue of developing and introducing individualized diets that include therapeutic and preventative products. For these individualized approaches to work, diets must be developed based on an analysis of the actual nutrients, energy, and the diversity of the foods consumed, taking into account their individual needs and regional aspects. A government working group is currently discussing the establishment of uniform universal requirements for the procurement of foods for schools and kindergartens, as well as ensuring state oversight over child nutrition. Why is the disease incidence rate rising? Why isn’t anyone producing baby food or therapeutic nutrition? What needs to be done to promote import substitution? What are the priorities and prospects for the scientific and technological development of the Russia-Belarus Union State, specifically its programme to establish innovative technologies and equipment for the production of specialized baby food?

The development of promising high-tech Russian solutions for critical information infrastructure (CII) requires cooperation and the creation of a complete cycle – from research tasks to the launch of a product. The special attention that the government has paid to this issue in recent years has significantly bolstered the technological foundation and human resources potential of the sector. Industrial competence centres are functioning, educational programmes have been updated, and Russian solutions are being rapidly introduced in both the growing domestic and international markets. The IT industry has been proactive in its efforts and is ready to achieve the goals of ensuring Russia’s technological leadership. Given the growing demand for and increasing complexity of solutions based on information security requirements, the optimization of computing resources, data quality, and the limitations of AI models, there is demand for new forms of cooperation in the industry. As a result, new laboratories and research and production associations are emerging at universities and research institutes, while teams of young researchers are expanding and working full-scale on advanced industrial projects. Science is ready to conduct complex research and test hypotheses in multithreaded environments amidst uncertainty about the results, dynamic task setting, and the heterogeneity of data, which is typical for future IT projects. However, the quality of such research and development is dependent on data that is mostly restricted for official use or is highly confidential. Such conditions hamper both analytical research and experimental work, as well as the ability to publish scientific articles and use data for educational activities. To improve research and development in matters concerning CII, it is crucial today for industry and academia to develop effective models and formats for exchanging and working with restricted-access data. A special organization or association, including a decentralized one, could serve as a hub and intermediary in such tasks. How research-intensive are prospective R&D projects in CII, and is a long-term plan for their implementation even possible? What capabilities do scientific and educational organizations have in terms of conducting research about CII? What kind of demand is there for industry for such work? Do mechanisms currently exist for transferring relatively closed corporate and industry data on CII to universities and research institutes for research and scientific purposes? What format should it take – an intermediary or bridge between science and industry – and what is needed to ensure it functions properly? Is industry making more complex demands and orders from universities and scientific organizations? What interaction models are already yielding results? How can we effectively provide advanced IT developments with both human and financial resources? Is it realistic for owners of CII facilities, regulators, and research organizations to cooperate when conducting prospective research? Who is the customer?

Studies show that childhood is a key period in a person’s development, and the link between science and practice in this regard dictates the development of a country’s human capital. It is essential that scientists, educational practitioners, and businesspeople focus their dialogue on the introduction of science-based technologies and tools to support child development, as well as promoting opportunities to take part in interdisciplinary research initiatives. What psychological approaches are effective in supporting children who have been exposed to stress factors? What are the main methods for supporting and strengthening children’s adaptive potential in the family environment? What strategies do preschools use to reduce stress in children and boost their resilience? How can interaction between families and preschools help to improve a child’s psychological well-being?

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of scientific experiments in low Earth orbit that have been launched or planned. Discussions have also been held about the exploration of the Solar System, something humanity can achieve thanks to federal projects as part of Russia’s national space programme: ‘Space Science,’ ‘Space Atom,’ and ‘Personnel for Space’. None of this can be achieved without the efforts of countless scientists, engineers, and designers. What technologies will help humanity learn more about space, and how can we train future specialists for this purpose?

The discussion will focus on the current popularity of Soviet science in the professional and media spaces. The Forum will bring together scientists, writers, filmmakers, and creators of projects celebrating the Soviet scientific legacy – the achievements of prominent scientists, schools of scientific thought, and engineering movements. Participants will discuss the significance and potential of the Soviet scientific project, the reasons for its popularity, its influence on our memories of the past, and the state of cultural identity. They will also identify points of (mis)alignment between professional and media memory and summarize the main features of how the past is represented – current strategies and design. Citing specific projects as examples, participants will engage with such questions as: How can we foster an emotional connection with the history of Russian science while avoiding distorting the past? What tools exist in the scientific and educational space that can help us do this?

As technological progress continues to accelerate and global competition expands, the aviation industry needs a systemic revamping of its research and engineering approaches. What promising trends in research could shape the next stage of evolution in aviation technology? What key trends, methods, and tools are needed to create an innovative strategy and implement projects of varying complexity?

Biotechnologies have been developing for centuries throughout the entire history of humankind, dating back to the baking of bread and the production of wine. The current level at which biotechnologies are developing has led to the emergence of molecular biological methods for studying wildlife, which have created new opportunities for a wide range of specialists. Each branch of modern science that studies wildlife uses a wide range of molecular biological methods in its routine practices. Nucleic acid amplification methods, first-, second-, and third-generation nucleic acid sequencing, genetic engineering methods, and genome editing are all already an integral part of our lives. Utilizing the full arsenal of these methods could ensure Russia’s technological leadership and biological security. One of the country’s strategic national priorities is scientific and technological development, including in biotechnologies. Russia has the potential needed to ensure technological leadership in this regard. The foundation for creating innovative biotechnological solutions is to develop and introduce fundamental and applied scientific research, as well as to reduce the time it takes for developments to transition from theoretical to practical application. Establishing the production capacity needed to ensure the industrial manufacturing of high-tech products in quantities that are sufficient for the country’s own needs as well as exports is a crucial factor. What molecular biological research methods are being developed and integrated into routine practice today? What experience do we have using various biotechnological approaches? What are some of the challenges associated with developing the biotechnology industry in Russia?

The introduction of advanced technologies is turning the modern transport system into a driver of economic growth. Russia’s national project ‘Effective Transport System’ has set a course for creating smart and adaptive infrastructure, where technologies act as drivers of development and enhance the comfort and mobility of the population in such a large country. The digital integration of various modes of transport is creating a single ecosystem and optimizing logistics processes. Predictive analytics technologies are reducing costs and enhancing the efficiency of transportation. How is the implementation of the national technological leadership project ‘Industrial Support for Transport Mobility’ progressing? How does technological development affect the end user – passengers and customers? Innovative solutions are transforming every segment of the transport industry. Smart airport systems are being developed in aviation, smart traffic control systems are being integrated into railway transport, and water and road transport are mastering autonomous control technologies. How difficult is it to introduce innovations in the transport system? What pilot projects have already been implemented and what effects have they produced in the regions where they have been applied? The economic potential of technological transformation can be seen in the creation of new business models, the development of digital services, and the formation of innovative ecosystems. Integrating various modes of transport creates a synergistic effect and enhances the overall efficiency of the country’s transport system. How will approaches to passenger and cargo transportation change in the largest country in the world in the future?

Climate change has created conditions that expand the range of certain invasive species of animals, plants, and microorganisms. This, in turn, heightens the risk that some biological diversity could be diminished in regions where these invaders spread. A Decree of the President of the Russian Federation has designated the technologies that are used to preserve biological diversity and combat alien (invasive) species of animals, plants, and microorganisms as critical technologies. What are the current forecasts for such phenomena today, and how can modern digital and biotechnologies be used to control the spread of invaders and protect existing natural and agroecosystems? How can businesses be incentivized to actively take part in developing and introducing technologies that reduce the risk of a loss in biodiversity and prevent the spread of invasive species? Does the regulatory and/or legal framework for such issues need to be improved?

Modern research increasingly relies on artificial intelligence technologies, which opens up new opportunities for data analysis, simulating complex processes, and accelerating scientific discoveries. It is crucial to discuss some of the key aspects of how AI should be used in science – from conceptual foundations to real cases involving the introduction of AI – and to answer the question: is AI not only accelerating the pace of scientific research, but actually transforming the very essence of science? Is AI-augmented research a reality or something for the near future? What tools are most in demand in scientific research today? How do autonomous systems help in processing data, generating hypotheses, and optimizing experiments? What breakthroughs are expected in the coming years and how should we prepare for these changes?

In accordance with the Strategy for the Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, the Russian Food Security Doctrine, and a 2024 presidential decree on the country’s national development goals for the periods until 2030 and 2036, Russia is carrying out extensive systematic work to provide scientific support for the development of its agro-industrial complex and conducting fundamental and applied research to develop breakthrough technologies and ensure technological leadership. Technological sovereignty in the agro-industrial complex has become a priority for the country’s socioeconomic development in the current conditions. Scientific and innovative support for the technological modernization of agriculture is a fundamental condition that directly influences Russia’s position in the global technological paradigm. Domestic agricultural science plays a special role in this process and serves as a strategic resource for the development of the agro-industrial complex. It ensures the creation of scientifically sound solutions that can be adapted to the Russian realities and is a key component in the development and introduction of technologies that determine the competitiveness of domestic agriculture. The modern agro-industrial complex faces a complicated challenge: the need to increase production to ensure food security, while minimizing the environmental impact and remaining profitable in a globally competitive environment. To meet this challenge, Russia needs to transition to a technological leadership model. How can we formulate a strategy for the accelerated development of the agro-industrial complex based on the introduction of breakthrough scientific and technological solutions?

This presentation session will explore the conceptual understanding of the social and humanitarian core as the higher education system is transformed to ensure the country’s technological sovereignty and leadership. The participants will also discuss key issues that influence student motivation to master educational programmes and their practical implementation through various educational modules (educational programmes, additional courses, public lectures, and seminars). This helps to expand the educational framework and transition from a system where students graduate as highly specific technical specialists to engineers with a governmental and creative mindset who are capable of setting goals, understanding context, and working with values. The session will also present methodological approaches and organizational aspects of practically integrating these thinking styles into the educational environment at technical universities. The results of the discussion will create a foundation for the further development of the social and humanitarian core in higher education, including the development, testing, and dissemination of methodological recommendations, curricula, courses, projects, and initiatives.

Eighty years ago, the Soviet Union decided to establish a nuclear industry. However, work on the potential of the atom began long before 1945. What events and decisions led to the creation of this powerful new industry? Who pioneered the nuclear industry and laid the foundation for the country’s achievements for decades to come? What unthinkable goals did the state set for nuclear scientists and industry workers at the dawn of the atomic age, and what technologies that are seemingly unimaginable today will be introduced in the near future? Why is the nuclear industry still one of the most rapidly developing sectors?

Rapid technological advancements and growing data volumes mean that AI is becoming a key tool for research and discovery. How does AI accelerate scientific discovery and improve the accuracy of predictions and the efficiency of research?

The future always generates curiosity and questions: what will our world be like in 10, 30, or even 100 years? Can science really predict the future? Where are the boundaries of scientific predictions, and why do some predictions come true with amazing accuracy, while others provide to be far from reality? How does science open new horizons and how do actual predictions shape our perception and influence the strategies of major corporations and the future of society?

A new scale of Arctic development: why did sailors call Soviet physicist Anatoly Alexandrov the father of the atomic fleet? Microelectronics, space, genetics, and synchrotrons: how did the research that has shaped the face of modern science and technology begin? Russia’s atomic industry celebrates 80 years: how did the development of atomic energy for military and peaceful purposes begin? The Arctic today – from new generation icebreakers to floating nuclear power plants and mobile power units: what is the potential of the Northern Sea Route today? Clean energy: what technologies have enhanced the efficiency and safety of modern reactors? Is it possible to recreate the same processes we see in the Sun on Earth? Why does humanity need a thermonuclear reactor? What does tokamak stand for, and why has the Russian plasma confinement method become a world standard? The Sun in the laboratory: why is thermonuclear fusion essentially a nature-like technology? Reactors of the future here today: how are the latest hybrid waste-free clean energy systems with a closed fuel cycle being created?

The Russian agro-industrial complex is on the cusp of a digital revolution. Traditional farming is giving way to precision agriculture, where every decision is data-driven. Robots are beginning to replace manual labour, genetics and breeding are creating crops that are resistant to drought and disease, and smart fertilizers are minimizing their environmental impact. Given the current level of global instability, a country’s ability to independently provide itself with basic foodstuffs is turning into a matter of national security. Technology is the key to consistently high and predictable yields. What is the current state and future of agricultural technologies in Russia? Are there problems with integrating innovations into actual production – from large agricultural holdings to small farms? Much of Russia’s farmland is located in regions where farming is risky. How are genetics, precision agriculture, and adaptive technologies helping to mitigate the effects of droughts, frosts, and other anomalies? What are some of the current obstacles to taking new approaches? What kind of training system is needed to prepare personnel who are capable of making a breakthrough in agrotech?

In an era of technological breakthroughs, social architecture is proving to have enormous potential as a tool for integrating scientific and technological advances into the dynamics of societal development by enabling the harmonious alignment of values, social practices, and innovations in designing the future. It plays a key role in developing and introducing the technologies that shape social processes through mechanisms that integrate humanitarian and technological approaches, which helps to minimize risks and enhance positive effects. Digitalization, artificial intelligence, and new forms of communication, as the social consequences of scientific and technological progress, are fundamentally changing the structure of society and people’s quality of life, since they require models of interaction between the state, the scientific community, business, and society to ensure effective technological modernization. Ultimately, learning paths for personnel who are capable of working in areas where technological development and social design overlap are becoming the foundation for a sustainable and inclusive future. How can scientific and technological advances be combined with social practices and values to ensure a country’s sustainable and harmonious development? What role does social architecture play in designing a future where technological modernization is supported by humanities knowledge, and new personnel are capable of acting as integrators of scientific ideas, management decisions, and social needs?

In recent years, the arsenal of modern medicine has been replenished with various immunotherapeutic drugs and hi-tech medications that use the latest genetic engineering and stem-cell technologies, which has opened a new era in the treatment of human diseases that were previously incurable. This is in part due to the discovery of methods for modifying animal genomes, as well as to the creation of models of human diseases that are close to the real mechanisms of pathogenesis. One of the foundations for the development of this area of biomedicine is the so-called humanization (anthropomorphization) of lab animals, predominantly mice, where specific genes and entire cell populations are replaced with human genes or cells. The humanization of animals leads to improved modelling of the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, as well as in vivo testing of the effects of advanced technologies and innovative drugs that require species-specific targeting of certain genes and cells. Why are humanized models of diseases needed? Why are the lab animal models that were used in the past unsuitable for developing advanced treatment strategies? What does the process of humanizing lab animals look like? What new methods of genome editing have emerged?

To improve cooperation in preventing and predicting emergencies, the scientific community needs to engage in an open dialogue and discuss problems related to processing information. It is crucial to find common ground for further cooperation. Creating a common understanding of the processes involved with using AI technologies in the activities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation is a key aspect of this. Other promising areas also need to be developed (based on the need to protect the population against emergencies) in order to shape the scientific agenda and engage in collaboration. How can we shape and coordinate a science-based emergency prediction agenda that takes into account the needs of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation and the potential of AI? What data is needed to effectively predict emergencies using AI, and how can we ensure its availability, quality, and secure use? What steps are needed to integrate the results of AI-based emergency prediction into the activities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, including staffing, training, and changes to regulations?

Since its inception, atomic power has not only represented a technological breakthrough, but also the creation of a fundamentally new vision for the future. From the first nuclear power plant to modern global-scale energy facilities, each step has expanded the boundaries of what is possible and laid the foundations for the new technological paradigm. Today, nuclear technologies not only play a key role in providing clean energy, but are also as a catalyst for breakthroughs in a wide range of sectors – from medicine and space to quantum computing and the creation of new materials with tailor-made properties. Such technologies provide a reliable foundation for the technological sovereignty of states and a platform for forward-looking international cooperation. How have the achievements of the nuclear industry – from the first nuclear power plant to large-scale technological facilities – helped to ensure the energy independence and technological sovereignty of different countries? What breakthrough technologies are shaping the new technological paradigm? How are large-scale technological projects changing scientific understanding and creating new opportunities for the younger generation? What principles of international cooperation are crucial to realizing the dream of a new technological era for humankind?

To ensure its further economic development, Russia needs to tap into new sources of growth that simultaneously address global challenges, build on its unique territorial advantages, and establish the country’s technological leadership. One such strategic source is the ocean economy – a broad range of industries and technologies related to the sustainable development of the ocean. The OECD estimates that the ocean economy’s contribution to global GDP could double by 2030 and reach USD 3 trillion. This trend opens a historic window of opportunity for Russia, which boasts the world’s longest coastline, abundant bioresources, and a strong scientific legacy. However, to date, Russian Ocean Tech has yet to emerge as a unified industry and only includes a collection of disparate projects. This session will provide a key platform for launching a national discussion about the emergence of the ocean economy as a new source of growth. The results of the unique analytical report ‘Ocean Tech in Russia 2025: Prerequisites, Reality, and Prospects’ will be publicly presented for the first time at the session. How can Russia transition from a raw materials-based model of ocean development to a technological one? How can Russia create a competitive ecosystem that brings together science, business, government, and investment, and secure its status as a global hub for sustainable marine technologies?

Russia has launched its ‘New Materials and Chemistry’ national project, which aims to ensure the country’s technological independence and leadership in this crucial field. Medicines, fuel, construction materials, and microelectronics – none of these things exist without the chemical industry. But strong teams of chemists were already emerging and growing in Russia prior to the launch of this national project. They mastered a hybrid work format and became bridges between fundamental and applied science, filling the void left by applied research institutes that largely disappeared following the collapse of the USSR. Today, both business and the government are interested in such teams. What are some of the success stories behind these teams? What aspects of their experience can and should be disseminated and scaled up? What do such teams expect from their colleagues and the government and, conversely, what do the former want from the latter?

Almost every Russian handbag is now becoming a kind of showcase for the country’s cutting-edge science and demonstrating its achievements in perfumery and cosmetology. Behind each tube and bottle is the work of scientists, researchers, and production engineers who have achieved great success in recent years and are creating world-class products that not only improve our appearance, but also promote our health and well-being. Thanks to the chemical sector, the Russian beauty industry has not only overcome challenges, but has also taken on a new identity with a powerful impetus for development. What cutting-edge scientific research are Russian companies conducting in cosmetology and perfumery? How are Russian biotechnologies creating unique assets for cosmetics? How has the chemical industry in cosmetics and perfumery changed recently? How is the national project ‘New Materials and Chemistry’ helping manufacturing and the beauty industry?

Modern technologies along with rehabilitation and socialization tools play a key role in creating inclusive spaces. Universal design promotes accessibility and comfort for all users. It is crucial to identify the most promising approaches to addressing issues in this regard, as well as exchange scientific ideas and present the research of young scientists in an effort to find like-minded individuals and develop interdisciplinary projects in matters concerning inclusiveness. Expert evaluations of projects and solutions that have been proposed provide an opportunity to obtain feedback for further improvements. What are some of the relevant rehabilitation approaches that can be applied in practice? What modern integration and socialization tools promote the creation of an accessible environment?

Today, the main technological race is all about boosting productivity. Advances in biotechnologies have not been immune to this trend. Global leaders are increasingly turning to highly efficient solutions to come out on top in global competition. Relatively new research formats, such as the design of living systems, regulatory circuits, and metabolic processes, are also becoming more prevalent. Major progress has been achieved thanks to the emergence of high-throughput nucleic acid synthesis technologies, which can simultaneously create thousands of target gene variants. Along with automation solutions and integration with artificial intelligence, this has led to the creation of fully automated laboratories. Russia is a country that is rich in natural resources with a well-developed agricultural sector and a vast raw material base for the development of biotechnologies. What does the country need to develop its own competitive technologies?

An analysis of ancient genomes can not only reconstruct migration and demographic patterns, but also refine cultural and historical models that had previously been based on mostly archaeological and linguistic data. Analysing ‘ancient’ DNA has made it possible to conduct genetic research on historical, archaeological, and museum objects. Advances in experimental and bioinformatic methods of analysing ancient DNA allow for comparative studies of genetic similarities and differences between individuals and populations from different eras of human evolution. This, in turn, has enabled scientists to reconstruct kinship chains, identify intermingling patterns, and trace the common origin of populations. The integration of biological and humanistic approaches has been particularly important since they can combine genetic data with the results of classical anthropology, history, archaeology, and ethnography. This makes it possible to construct a more accurate and multidimensional picture of the human past, where biological data complements the cultural and historical context. A new scientific discipline is emerging at the intersection of biology, history, and archaeology: historical genetics, which integrates methods of population genetics and paleogenomics with humanities research. The examination of historical hypotheses and questions posed by the humanities are of particular importance. The humanities have traditionally considered questions about the origin and formation of societies, ethnic groups, and cultures, but the inclusion of historical genetic data opens up new opportunities for their study. What are the capabilities and limitations of interdisciplinary synthesis in the study of ancient people, nations, and ethnogenesis processes – from the Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages, including the period when Slavic and Old Russian communities took shape?

The development of such interdisciplinary technologies as IT, genetics, robotics, and unmanned systems has created a powerful incentive to boost productivity in the agricultural sector. Even today, we can already substantially reduce the time required for plant breeding, conduct balanced animal breeding, and create fully autonomous production processes. Collectively, these technologies enable us to transition into the next technological era, where agriculture will be based not on artificial selection and the reproduction of the best members of a particular species, but on the targeted design and structuring of organisms with valuable traits. However, modern agricultural science relies on old paradigms due to its low level of integration of modern interdisciplinary expertise. Meanwhile, talented young people are interested in industries where the level of such integration is higher. Agronetics is the next stage in the development of agricultural science and technologies, and Russia needs to prioritize the training of specialists for this sector, given the country’s ambitions to become a world leader in the generation of agricultural technologies. What might the training of agronetics specialists look like? How can universities contribute to creating a new image of domestic agriculture?

The development of innovative sports and sports technologies are receiving significant attention today. In 2024, the Government of the Russian Federation issued a decree approving the Concept for the Development of Phygital Movement in the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030. According to the Concept, the phygital movement aims to meet the needs of modern society for harmonious development and a healthy lifestyle through the development, improvement, and integration of the individual’s physical and digital activities. Educational, research, and outreach activities are crucial to the development of the phygital movement. Other priority areas identified for the implementation if the Intersectoral Programme for the Development of Student Sports for the Period up to 2030 include increasing the innovative and technological potential of the student sports system through the development and popularization of such sports as competitive programming, drone racing, laser tag, phygital sports (functional digital sports) and e-sports in educational organizations and their integration with other sports; the formation of a system for identifying and supporting tech projects in the field of physical education and collegiate sports; and the development and implementation of innovative technologies in physical education and sports work with students. As such, higher education institutions have the opportunity not only to develop sports initiatives, but also to become drivers of cultural and technological change through physical education and sports. Technological innovations and innovative sports can provide additional impetus for getting young people involved in physical education and sports and form a basis for the development of youth technological entrepreneurship in physical education and sports. What are the key technological trends in physical education and sports and how do they impact higher education? What role should young people play in the development and popularization of phygital technologies? What is being done to develop sports technologies at universities? Who are the main stakeholders in this process?

The ability to convey ideas across clearly and convincingly is an integral part of success in the world of science, where each day brings with it new discoveries and theories. Young scientists will join their distinguished older colleagues in a discussion of the issues facing modern science, and at the same time learn how such discussions take place as they exchange experience and knowledge. The speakers will seek to provide concise, informative answers while conveying the heart of the matter to the audience without getting sidetracked by the finer details. The audience will learn the secret to keeping calm and composed under pressure, how to stay on track, and how to avoid getting backed into a corner by unexpected questions. This session comes in the form of a game, is new for the Congress of Young Scientists, and the audience will be faced with the difficult task of choosing the winner of the scientific battle!

Advances in paleogenetics in Russia offer unique opportunities to study human history and ancient fauna throughout the country’s vast territory. With its rich archaeological heritage and diverse climates, Russia is a true treasure trove for paleogenetic research. One key focus is the study of the ancient DNA of Russia’s Indigenous peoples, which enables us to trace their genealogy, migration patterns, and interaction with other populations. Research on ancient human remains found in Siberia and the Far East sheds light on the origins of humanity and how people became dispersed across the planet. Another important focus is the study of the ancient DNA of such animals as mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, and cave lions. Such research helps us reconstruct ancient ecosystems, understand the causes of megafauna extinction, and assess the impact of climate change on genetic diversity. The successful evolution of paleogenetics in Russia will not only deepen our knowledge of the past, but also make a major contribution to the advancement of genetics, evolutionary biology, and other related sciences. What is the outlook for the further development of paleogenetics?

In an era of rapid technological progress, artificial intelligence (AI) is showing it has exceptional potential to transform research processes and the educational environment. The integration of smart systems creates unprecedented opportunities to accelerate scientific discoveries and improve teaching methodologies. From advancements in genomics and drug development to revolutionary changes in student learning methods, AI is paving the way for innovative solutions to complex problems in both science and education. The session will pay particular attention to discussions about the prospects of integrating AI into the international scientific community and its role in establishing new standards for training skilled professionals. How is AI transforming daily scientific work, especially in biomedical research? What are the most promising areas where AI could be applied in this field? What potential do DNA language models have in genomics? How can they improve our understanding of genetic information and contribute to scientific discoveries? How can AI methods be effectively applied in structural biology and molecular modelling to solve complex scientific problems? How is AI transforming the analysis of the patent landscape of drug molecules and the development of new patentable compounds? What is the current and future role of AI in drug development and design? How has co-folding contributed to these achievements, and what are the next steps for AI in this regard? How is AI transforming education? What specific AI-based teaching methods have proven to be most effective in improving student learning outcomes? What are the potential risks and limitations of using AI in research and education? How can they be minimized to ensure the responsible and effective use of AI technologies?

Today, it is impossible to imagine our lives without artificial intelligence technologies. They are being integrated into various aspects of society, such as economics, healthcare, social services, public administration, and agriculture. Experts estimate that the combined contribution of AI technologies to Russia’s GDP across all economic sectors will amount to RUB 11.6 trillion in 2030 and could reach RUB 46.5 trillion in 2035. But is the introduction of AI technologies the only way to ensure a future full of opportunities? The government is now considering new challenges and threats to national security, including technological, economic, legal, social, and ethical ones. These also include the potential use of AI in cyberattacks on key facilities and the growing spread of fake news, which can manipulate public opinion and influence psychologically vulnerable individuals. How can we create the conditions needed to ensure the effective and safe use of AI for the benefit of individuals and society? What role does international cooperation play in neutralizing the threats of AI?

One of the key priorities of Russia’s scientific and technological development is to ensure its own food security and sovereignty, which entails expanding domestic agricultural production, reducing dependence on imports, and preserving and enhancing the efficient use of one of the most important natural resources – soil. Healthy soil is the foundation for sustainable agricultural output and plays a key role in ensuring food security. The development of technologies to restore and monitor soil is an integral part of achieving the country’s strategic goals. As part of the Priority 2030 programme, Southern Federal University is implementing the strategic technological project ‘Soil Bioengineering Technologies’. It is crucial to analyse the current state of the soil cover and identify the challenges facing researchers and experts. What innovative approaches and technologies can be used to assess soil and restore its fertility as part of the country’s efforts to ensure food security?